Mel Bochner, Measurements room, (1969)
During the period of modernity, the art world took a turn in the direction of prioritizing function over form; meaning that aesthetics came in second. Site-specific art is created to exist in a specific place. The artist takes the location into account when considering ideas as well as when creating and planning the artwork. Critical artists started to question galleries and why where they creating artwork to go in a clean white gallery.
Site specificity sped up the movement towards the notion of de-materialisation and de-asthetisisation.The first model: in summary is scaled up versions of modernist gallery sculptures in response to the public's negative opinion of modern architecture. The public did not receive this well.
The Second Model:
Art as a public place, artworks appropriate to the immediate site (Nancy Hart; Dark Star Park)Art becoming part of the urban design process, the public reacted better to these forms, as they can appreciate the pieces as they are accessible and they fufill more of a purpose. Richard Serra: Tilted Arc a reaction against this movement, purposely constructed piece that achieved a lot of negative reactions from the workers of the federal building it was outside of, as a result it was redesigned in 1997 by Martha Schwartz into landscape architecture.
(Tilted Arc 1981-89)
The Third Model:
Art in the public interest, rise of community consultation and community participation. John Ahearn and Rigoberto Torres (South Bronx portraits) were commissioned to install sculptures outside of a police station they created four plinths featuring sculptures of black people from the community. These were removed shortly afterwards due to public outrage and accusations of racism.
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